Form 1099-R distribution codes are single or double-character markers found in Box 7 (or Box 7a) that tell the IRS how a retirement account distribution is taxed. You can review the official definitions and guidelines directly in the IRS Instructions for Form 1099-R.
Common 1099-R Distribution Codes
- Code 1: Early distribution, no known exception (usually for someone under age 59½; subject to a 10% penalty).
- Code 2: Early distribution, but an IRS exception applies (under age 59½, no 10% penalty).
- Code 3: Disability.
- Code 4: Death (paid to a beneficiary or estate).
- Code 7: Normal distribution (participant is age 59½ or older).
- Code G: Direct rollover to a qualified plan, 403(b), governmental 457(b), or IRA.
- Code Q: Qualified distribution from a Roth IRA or Roth SIMPLE IRA (tax-free).





